When to Use Transdisciplinary Approaches for Environmental Research

Transdisciplinary approaches to urban computing

Welcome to this special issue on transdisciplinary approaches to urban computing. Let us begin by discussing the two titular terms, transdisciplinarity and urban computing, and the reasons these two topics are so closely entwined. Transdisciplinarity as a term is, of course, built from the Latin word trāns, meaning “on the other side of,” and discipline, referring to scientific disciplines. In ...

Inter- and transdisciplinary approaches to population–environment research for sustainability aims: a review and appraisal

The causes and consequences of demographic changes for the environment, and the possible ways of influencing population dynamics to achieve ‘sustainability’, have been the subject of many debates in science and policy in recent decades. However, the body of knowledge concerning relationships between population dynamics and sustainability is quite fragmented, dispersed over many disciplines, and...

Science Policy for Transdisciplinary Research

Evaluation of Transdisciplinary Research

In an evaluation of transdisciplinary research the progress of research is investigated by comparing the performance with the aims of the research. Due to the complexity and high risk of transdisciplinary research, evaluation is very important to improve the standard of this type of research. (1) Evaluation by the scientific community assesses facts and values of the project from the point of v...

How to Use MRP in Continuous Production Industries When Order Type is Lot for Lot

The Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) method that is applied in production planning and management has some weaknesses. One of its weaknesses is that the time in MRP method is discrete, and is considered as time period. Hence we are not able to order our requirements at irregular time moments or periods. In this paper, a new form of MRP is introduced that is named Continuous Materials Requi...